Throughout the season we have plants leftover or plants we salvage. They end up in our "shop garden." These were planted as small plugs in late May and they have developed and performed very well. I have been designing them into 2021 with excitement.

“The Lawn,” is so often made into a monstrous cultural object. The adjective “American” is typically added to make the object more specific - and dirty. “The American Lawn,” in this narrative, is a giant sink of chemicals and pesticides that are killing microbiology and polluting groundwater, rivers, and streams. The lawn is a mechanism and symbol of American conformity. Many believe American lawn spaces should only be covered with native plants specific to the surrounding history of the land because the bees and other wildlife have had their homes and habitats destroyed. Further, the development model that creates vast turfgrass landscapes furthers Americans’ dependency on fossil fuels contributing to the unprecedented rate of global warming. 
​
I don’t fully disagree with the above. But as a manager of the land, turfgrass is a great tool and can be managed ethically - and most importantly, affordably. In works to follow, I hope to present discussion to alleviate the anxieties of concerned tenders of the land who have been put into a world that demands our attachment to “The Lawn."

Maples flower. Some better than others. I have for some time come to recognize Red Maples for their subtlety.
Red Maples have a tenderness that I don't associate with any other maples. I believe this characteristic comes through in the thin bark, finer textures, softer leaves - all structures probably that develop along with it typically inhabiting wetter sites and habitats. 

I don't talk or write about The Big Trees very often. The city gardens I tend to work on often don't have the space for more than a small tree. But The Big  Trees are very much a part of the city and the worlds we share. 

I have been trying to photograph the qualities of a Red Maple in spring flower for some time. The above is the best I have done. 

The past month or so, my morning reading time has been spent primarily with two books I am now finished with. "Home: A Short History of an Idea" by Witold Rybczynski told a history of the development of home architecture, technologies, and furniture alongside the development of ideas such as intimacy and comfort. After finishing this I finally read "The Granite Garden" by Anne Whiston Spirn who's book I had seen cited more times than I can count. She writes a history of the city, its conditions, and how "landscapes" have been transformed and created to solve the health problems city wastes create. The book is written in the early 1980's and I read it with a certain nostalgia looking back on the foundations of contemporary landscape architectural thinking that were new ideas at that time. It was an interest to me in the moment as I have been trying to articulate ideas about the "Landscape as Infrastructure" of the city and why some landscape work is more essential (or of greater value) than others during this current COVID-19 "NY Pause" where the Governor has asked us to stay home and minimize public contact with others.

This morning I moved on and decided to spend a morning or two attacking the magazines I subscribe to as visual research - "Gardens Illustrated," "Martha Stewart Living," and "DWELL." I came across the above image of Martha standing in a giant pile of compost that is obviously much larger than something any one person managed with a small pitchfork. I love compost. My points of connection to it may be my own home garden, the recycling of Buffalo Horticulture garden waste, consulting homeowners and designing them compost spaces and operations, as well as - most important to me - the large scale production of compost. The small scale, home garden models of composting are a real delight, however they are something a person takes on as a life choice, "I will live this way." Home composting is not part of the "I want a low maintenance garden." It takes work and is only for some. On the other side is large scale compost production. I love to use compost as a soil amendment but my excitement is tempered drastically because around these parts large scale composting isn't produced with the imagination of a horticulturist but by those trying to process waste. I end up stubbornly rejecting the material because it is just another commodity product for sale, not a material embodying a gardener's intelligence.

At the same time, large scale compost production - as waste management - is something that came to be in this era just before Spirn's book (Although, Milorganite claims its history goes back to 1925). She spoke of a project started in the early 70's (I believe) in Washington DC mixing sewage sludge with woodchips to be used as a soil amendment on the lawns of the National Mall, a product developed and called COM-PRO. Sewage sludge is something every municipality needs to get rid of. The City of Lockport used its sludge at one point to create a compost. I know the town of Amherst made a pelletized fertilizer from their sludge once upon a time. Amherst built a compost facility in the late 80s or early 90s and has since sold it. Bulk compost from these facilities once cost half of what topsoil cost. Now compost is 25 percent more than topsoil.  For the most part it is just sold as high end topsoil. Instead of "Shredded Topsoil" now you pay five to ten dollars more and get "Organic Topsoil Supreme." There is no horticultural intelligence to it, it is just an up-sell.  

Com-PRO was shut down in 1999. It seems we are moving away from large scale public composting. I think it is important for us to recognize this is our direction. Its not good. Good waste management is part of a healthy city. This may all seem contradictory. But that's fine. 

I wrote in my notes during this morning's reading "Capitalist Compost." Of course you can't use the word "capitalism" because then your voice sounds like some radical everyone is ready to roll their eyes at. What I am trying to point to in this is just the methods and process we use to produce things. Generally speaking, we eliminate nuance, certain skills, and material intelligences, so that we can standardize a production system. It makes certain productions easier, more efficient. "Capitalist production" generally makes a lot of good things happen.

My general feelings: Capitalism isn't a problem, capitalists are. I think as Buffalo Horticulture, we deliver 'horticulture' and not 'landscaping' because horticulture is the production I am organizing and my study of economic, production, and cooperative processes (or capitalism, if you prefer) is part of what allows us to do what we do. What capitalism is failing to do is make a compost I want to use.

A few pages later in Martha Stewart there was a nice layout on magnolias and their different forms. Their images and examples came from Wave Hill (a garden in the Bronx) and the first example given is "This Saucer Magnolia (they didn't capitalize the plant name in their text) was planted...in New York City about 70 years ago." This converged for me in this image, that "someone's grandparent planted this" but in the spirit of our moment right now where we are only tending to what is essential. I just put a design together early this week where I stated my intention to move an existing, small, Star Magnolia from a foundation planting out into an open space in the front lawn. There it will spend years developing, its maturity reached well after the life of the home's current tenant, but still, between now and then, each season - although people don't assign such a weight to these things as I do - at just about this time of year in the middle of spring, the Magnolia will be one of the first trees to flower in the city's landscape. The event might pass by one hundred times without anyone giving it too much of a thought, but it will always be noticed, maybe even spoken of once in a while; "Oh. Look. The Magnolia is flowering." It will always have a romantic feeling that time when it blooms and as the flowers fade and fall, marking the close of this years window, this to will be noticed. But none of this will receive weight. Most certainly, when there is a late frost, and the flowers fall to soon or never bloom at all, it will be noticed but with no measure of what has been lost.

I have been trying to find way of communicating this idea that the "Landscape is Infrastructure." Right now the only work we can do is "essential services," a very ambiguous concept that has been clarified by saying "no cosmetic work." Magnolias are "cosmetic work."

This is my morning coffee and the 15 minutes between page 62 and 97.
***The use of the word "capitalism" is not endorsed by Buffalo Horticulture and only reflects the language of the author.   
​

Claire Takacs is thought of as one of the world's best garden photographers. I came to know of her work last summer as I had the opportunity to do a workshop with her at Chanticleer garden outside Philadelphia. If nothing else, she is prolific - especially of late, she shares her work daily on Instagram and you see the gardens she is always working in.

This morning I saw her post from Great Dixter. The tulip collection caught my eye and I looked down to read her inscription below; 'The Peacock Garden at Great Dixter this morning."

As I have watched her posts the past few days I have imagined she is isolated in her house sharing from her vast archives. But of course not.

Moments in the garden and landscape last minutes as the sun moves across the sky. A few cloudy days and the image's possibility and potential disappears forever. These Tulips, at their peak in the image, will be gone late next week, and the next window to photograph them gone for another year.

I point to this mainly to add to the conversation of valuing what is essential in garden and landscape care. Garden care makes its interventions at very specific points in a seasonal and biological cycle of plant and soil life. The windows are narrow. Important management and care windows, once they pass by are gone forever.   

The "Landscape as Infrastructure" imagination
Recognizes the city and its people's wastes and pollution
Needs to be cleaned, digested, returned.

It does so with soils and their affiliated life species
Plants and microorganisms.

It does this matter of factly
Without that "eyes glazed over" state of worship for nature
That comes with the ideology.

The infrastructure is built to harbor the essential forces and activities of biological life
Labor we extract with unconsidered ethics and privilege. 

This is my morning's coffee today.
:)

​

Our present situation during the COVID-19 Pandemic offers the opportunity to think about things in a new way as we work to reorganize the production of everyday life to limit contact points for the spread of the virus. Questioning what are the minimum and essential practices right now drive my thinking.

Under The State's current criteria of essential service
Is the spraying of herbicides (round-up) 
"...application of pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers, and minerals..."
Yet mulching has been pointed out specifically as
"Not essential. You will be shut down if you mulch."

This is the four hundred year history of the capitalization of the trades.
The skills and practices of craftspeople and tradespersons
are transferred into technologies -
Transformed into machines that save human work.

Mulch and mulching is a horticultural practice
that covers bare soil and prevents weed germination.

However, now, as the dominant forms of practice have shifted from gardening to landscaping over the past 50 to 75 years
Mulch at this moment is interpreted as "cosmetic practice"
And the spraying of Round-Up
"...pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers, and minerals..."
Is considered "essential practice."

In my work 
the application of mulch is done as weed control
and the personal work and craft of its application
is the aesthetic.

Certainly we only make this critique as an opening to understand our own cultural history and development.
The critique isn't aimed at The State
But our culture as a whole
Whose discourse and practices have been subsumed into McDonald's like ways of thinking.

Above are "Around the Home and Office" images. Been indoors a lot. A good time for some domestic ethnography. The Aldi (commodity) flowers just keep going and going.
Of note: I use the word "commodity" in a critical theory sense that refers to produced objects. However in recent reading I have seen "commodity" used to express "comfort."

I have been isolating very well. I think I have to follow good honest safety practices if I am to honestly continue to meet and consult others (at safe distances). I have an extended  quarantine space that includes two people. In the field, we are each working with our own separate tools, wear latex gloves all day, maintain distance, and disinfect the controls in the trucks.

We applied and were granted "essential business" status after listing out a series of practices that were seasonally specific such as rejuvenation pruning and transplanting. Our application also listed out specific weeds and invasives such as Lesser Celandine and Buckthorn as species that will colonize and naturalize if not controlled. A few hours after we received out status to continue work, The Department of Ag and Markets declared all horticulture and landscape care work as essential so we are operating at full speed right now.  

Clockwise starting at top left: Hellebore just emerging. Work at the Buffalo Niagara Medical Campus. Clean Hellebore leaf. What I believe to be Japanese Beetle grubs.

I have been more committed than ever before to collecting some branches to force. With early flowering woody plant species, you can cut a branch, bring it indoors, put it water, and in a short time the buds will start to open. This week I collected branches of VanHouteii Spiraea, Magnolia, Quince, Forsythia, Crabapple, and Amelanchier.